植物における液胞型糖転移酵素とアシル基転移酵素
メンバー: 小関良宏
分野: 基礎生物学、総合工学、農芸化学
所属: 工学研究院
キーワード: 液胞型修飾酵素、糖転移酵素、アシル化酵素、二次代謝産物、植物色素、アントシアニン
ウェブサイト:
研究概要
植物の花には多種多様の色があります。その中でも多くの花の色はアントシアニンという化合物によって発色しています。アントシアニンはその基本構造(アグリコン)が 6 種類しかないのに、そのアグリコンに様々な糖や有機酸が結合することによって、多種多様な化合物となり、これが多彩な色彩を産み出しています。このアントシアニンの合成と修飾は細胞質内で行なわれているとされ、青い花から取った細胞質内の酵素遺伝子を導入して青いバラやカーネーションを産み出すことが行なわれてきましたが、紫色に止まり、クリアな青色の花は出来ていません。その理由は、アントシアニンを青色化するのに必要な修飾酵素が未解明だったためです。特に多くの青色の花は、そのアグリコンの 7 位にグルコースが結合していることが広く知られていましたが、その酵素については全く不明でした。私たちの研究室において、デルフィニウムにおいて、7 位のグルコースの転移とアシル基の転移は植物細胞の「ゴミ捨て場」と言われていた液胞内で起きていることを見つけました。この酵素はデルフィニウムだけでなく、青い花を咲かせる単子葉植物のアガパンサスにおいても働いていることを明らかにし、この青い花を咲かせるのに必須とも言える酵素とその遺伝子を世界で初めて得ることに成功しました。この遺伝子を青い花色のない植物種に遺伝子導入すれば、クリアな青色の花を咲かせされることが期待できます。
主要論文・参考事項
Miyahara, T., Tani, T., Takahashi, M., Nishizaki, Y., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaki, N. Isolation of anthocyanin 7-O-glucosyltransferase from Canterbury bells (Campanula medium). Plant Biotechnol. 31(5):555-559 (DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.14.0908a) (2014).
Nishizaki, Y., Sasaki, N., Yasunaga, M., Miyahara, T., Okamoto, E., Okamoto, M., Hirose, Y. and Ozeki, Y. Identification of the glucosyltransferase gene that supplies the p-hydroxybenzoyl-glucose for 7-polyacylation of anthocyanin in delphinium. J. Exp. Bot., 65(9): 2495-2506 (doi:10.1093/jxb/eru134) (2014).
Yagi, M., Kosugi, S., Hirakawa, H., Ohmiya, A., Tanase, K., Harada, T., Kishimoto, K., Nakayama, M., Ichimura, K., Onozaki, T., Yamaguchi, H., Sasaki, N., Miyahara, T., Nishizaki, Y., Ozeki, Y., Nakamura, N., Suzuki, T., Tanaka, Y., Sato, S., Shirasawa, K., Isobe, S., Miyamura, Y., Watanabe, A., Nakayama, S., Kishida, Y., Kohara, M., and Tabata, S. Sequence analysis of the genome of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). DNA Res. 21(2): 231-241 (DOI:10.1093/dnares/dst053) (2014).
Nishizaki, Y., Yasunaga, M., Okamoto, E., Okamoto, M., Hirose, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaski, N. p-Hydroxybenzoyl-glucose is a “Zwitter donor” for the biosynthesis of polyacyl-anthocyanin in delphinium. Plant Cell, 25(10): 4150-4165 (2013) (DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.113167).
Nishizaki, Y., Matsuba, Y., Okamoto, E., Okamura, M., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaki, N. Structure of the acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene in carnations and its disruption by transposable elements in some varieties. Mol. Gen. Genomics, 286(3): 383-394 (2011) (DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0655-7).
Matsuba, Y., Sasaki, N., Tera, M., Okamura, M., Abe, Y., Okamoto, E., Nakamura, H., Funabashi, H., Saito, M., Matsuoka, H., Nagasawa, K and Ozeki, Y. A novel glucosylation reaction on anthocyanins catalyzed by acyl-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase in the petals of carnation and delphinium. Plant Cell, 22(10): 3374-3389 (2010) (DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.077487).
お問い合わせ先
東京農工大学・先端産学連携研究推進センター
urac[at]ml.tuat.ac.jp([at]を@に変換してください)
Vacuolar enzymes of glycosyltransfer and acyltransfer for anthocyanins in plants
Research members: Dr. Yoshihiro Ozeki
Research fields: Basic biology, Integrated engineering, Agricultural chemistry
Departments: Institute of Engineering
Keywords: modification enzymes in plant vacuole, glycosyltransferase, acyltransferase, secondary metabolites, plant pigments, anthocyanin
Web site:
Summary
Plant flowers present us various varieties of colors. The major pigments of plant flowers are anthocyanins. While anthocyanins are consisted of six aglycones named as anthocyanidins, anthocyanidins are modified with various glycosyl and acyl residues to generate varieties of anthocyanin molecules showing various colors. The synthesis of aglycones and their modification with sugars and organic acids are thought to be catalyzed by cytosolic enzymes, the genes for which were isolated and introduced into rose and carnation to generate blue flowers; the transgenic rose and carnation could bear violet but not clear blue flowers. Some of modification enzymes for anthocyanin has not unknown, especially glucosyltransferase at 7 position of anthocyanidin should be elucidated in many plant species bearing blue flowers, which is required to shift anthocyanin color from red to blue hue. We found that, in blue flowers of delphinium, the glucosylation and acylation at 7 position of anthocyanin occurs not in cytosol but in vacuole, which is thought to be a static organelle to accumulate wastes of cytosolic metabolites. The genes for modification enzymes with glucosyl and acyl residues in vacuoles are identified from not only dicot plants including delphinium but also monocot plants such as agapanthus. It is expected that introduction of the genes for these enzymes will give us transgenic plants bearing clear blue flowers to plants bearing red and purple flowers such as rose and carnation.
Reference articles and patents
Miyahara, T., Tani, T., Takahashi, M., Nishizaki, Y., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaki, N. Isolation of anthocyanin 7-O-glucosyltransferase from Canterbury bells (Campanula medium). Plant Biotechnol. 31(5):555-559 (DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.14.0908a) (2014).
Nishizaki, Y., Sasaki, N., Yasunaga, M., Miyahara, T., Okamoto, E., Okamoto, M., Hirose, Y. and Ozeki, Y. Identification of the glucosyltransferase gene that supplies the p-hydroxybenzoyl-glucose for 7-polyacylation of anthocyanin in delphinium. J. Exp. Bot., 65(9): 2495-2506 (doi:10.1093/jxb/eru134) (2014).
Yagi, M., Kosugi, S., Hirakawa, H., Ohmiya, A., Tanase, K., Harada, T., Kishimoto, K., Nakayama, M., Ichimura, K., Onozaki, T., Yamaguchi, H., Sasaki, N., Miyahara, T., Nishizaki, Y., Ozeki, Y., Nakamura, N., Suzuki, T., Tanaka, Y., Sato, S., Shirasawa, K., Isobe, S., Miyamura, Y., Watanabe, A., Nakayama, S., Kishida, Y., Kohara, M., and Tabata, S. Sequence analysis of the genome of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). DNA Res. 21(2): 231-241 (DOI:10.1093/dnares/dst053) (2014).
Nishizaki, Y., Yasunaga, M., Okamoto, E., Okamoto, M., Hirose, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaski, N. p-Hydroxybenzoyl-glucose is a “Zwitter donor” for the biosynthesis of polyacyl-anthocyanin in delphinium. Plant Cell, 25(10): 4150-4165 (2013) (DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.113167).
Nishizaki, Y., Matsuba, Y., Okamoto, E., Okamura, M., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaki, N. Structure of the acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene in carnations and its disruption by transposable elements in some varieties. Mol. Gen. Genomics, 286(3): 383-394 (2011) (DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0655-7).
Matsuba, Y., Sasaki, N., Tera, M., Okamura, M., Abe, Y., Okamoto, E., Nakamura, H., Funabashi, H., Saito, M., Matsuoka, H., Nagasawa, K and Ozeki, Y. A novel glucosylation reaction on anthocyanins catalyzed by acyl-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase in the petals of carnation and delphinium. Plant Cell, 22(10): 3374-3389 (2010) (DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.077487).
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Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology
urac[at]ml.tuat.ac.jp
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